MLS SYNDROME
MICROPHTHALMIA WITH LINEAR SKIN DEFECTS also known as MIDAS Syndrome (microphthalmia, dermal aplasia, and sclerocornea)
FISH ANALYSIS

The Kleberg Cytogenetics Laboratory offers a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based assay for identifying the deletions on Xp22.3p associated with MLS/MIDAS (microphthalmia, dermal aplasia and sclerocornea) syndrome.

Clinical Features:

MLS is an X-linked dominant disorder characterized primarily by linear skin defects on the face and neck and eye abnormalities (microphthalmia/sclerocornea). The phenotype is variable, with some affected individuals having brain abnormalities, some degree of mental retardation and cardiac defects. The majority of patients with MLS/MIDAS are female, although there are rare reports of phenotypic males with this condition. Affected males have either a supernumerary X chromosome or a translocation involving Xp.

Reasons for Referral:

Patients with clinical features suggestive of MLS/MIDAS may be tested for a deletion of Xp22.3 by FISH simultaneously with high-resolution chromosomal analysis (if not previously performed). Phenotypic males may also be tested with a probe for SRY simultaneously with the MLS probe. Prenatal diagnosis may be performed if an affected family member has been studied in our laboratory and has been shown to have a deletion detectable by FISH. Please call regarding all prenatal samples.

Testing Methodology:

FISH is the application of fluorescently labeled DNA molecules to metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei for the detection of chromosome abnormalities and alterations. It is a rapid, reliable and direct approach for identifying patients with microdeletions or microduplications. FISH analysis for MLS/MIDAS is performed on metaphase chromosomes. The presence of one hybridization signal indicates a deletion.

Specimen Requirements:

Whole blood in sodium heparin (green-top) tubes:
Newborn (< 3 months): Minimum 0.5 -2.0 CC
Adult/Child: Minimum 3.0 -5.0 CC

Shipping and Handling:

All tubes must be labeled with the patient's testname and date of birth, and a completed requisition form must accompany each sample. If the laboratory is billing the patient's insurance, please enclose a copy of the insurance card. Ship specimens for overnight delivery at ambient temperature. Please notify the laboratory of incoming samples.

Turnaround Time:

7-10 days

CPT Codes and Prices:

88230, 88273, 88271, 88291

References:

1. Prakash, et al. Hum. Mol. Genet. 11: 3237-3248.

Forms:

 >> Cytogenetics Requisition
 >> Prenatal Requisition

Test Code:

8470